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The Amazon forest has become an important theme in discussions of climate change, given its importance not only as carbon sinks but also as a repository of biodiversity and natural water and regulating the climate. Its preservation is a necessity, no longer subject to the argument. Gone are the days of relentless conflict between environmentalists and developmentalists trees along a single mind. Both sides have moved: for most environmentalists recognize and appreciate the need to improve living conditions and government / developers are beginning to understand the need for cooperation on environmental issues that have implications for both locally and globally. In all minds are simultaneous drought in the Amazon in 2005 and the season of hurricanes Katrina led the Caribbean.

Amid the unprecedented understanding of environmental damage, one might conclude that the conservation of the Amazon should be, but a consequence. However, for the 25 million Brazilians who live in the forest, an equation is unchanged: the forest is still worth more lying than standing. Farming, forestry and agriculture be more profitable than the sustainable extraction of nuts, oils and essences. Traditionally, the legal logging is too bureaucratic for small landowners, the land is too abundant and cheap for anyone to keep, and monitoring and enforcement too lax to formality worth. However, the Brazilian institutions have improved in the areas of monitoring and enforcement, which increases the costs of informality. Such a change in the equation had the desired effect of reducing deforestation. An unintended consequence, however, was the reduction of productivity in many areas the poorest and traditionally more informal.

The Brazilian federal government has partially dealt with him through the Bolsa Fama­lia, which is a transfer payment to poor families. State Governments have developed alternatives. In Amazonas, the largest state of Brazil (2.3 times the size of Texas), located in the western part of the Brazilian Amazon, public policy focused on increasing incentives for sustainable business :

• the establishment of minimum prices for goods produced sustainably, such as oil, gasoline and rubber;




• implementation of the Bolsa Floresta, a transfer payment to families living in the forest in exchange for a non-deforestation, satellite monitoring;




• a fivefold increase in science and technology investment, research for the development of technologies that tip the balance toward economic sustainability;




• technical assistance for existing homeowners and small distance courses across the state of forestry, agriculture, forest management and fish;




• land concessions in order to give ownership to those who occupy the land, blaming their rights and duties;




• the grant of preferential financing for small-scale projects in areas designated as sustainable, such as fish, the wildlife management of the lake, honey production, etc.

Monitoring and enforcement were also increased, but as a form of support to the initiatives outlined above.

All these efforts aim to rebalance the equation of the forest lying versus standing forest to those who live in it, they aim to include externalities in the equation. It is important to remember where externalities: climate change worldwide, the rain patterns are changing regional and loss of biodiversity in the world. Most of these externalities that will be felt outside of Brazil and thus we arrive at t.