Retinoblastoma Treatment

Retinoblastoma Eye Surgery

The retinoblastoma (Rb) is a cancer of the retina. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor of childhood. Although this disease can occur at any age, it usually develops in young children. Most cases of retinoblastoma occur in one eye but both eyes may be affected. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Retinoblastoma is linked to chromosome 13. Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell in the retina increasingly develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor suppressor gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancerous.

Mutations in the RB1 gene are inherited in an autosomal dominant, meaning that a copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase the risk of cancer. A person with retinoblastoma may inherit an altered copy of the gene of a parent, or the modified gene may be the result of a new mutation.

There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body

• Through tissue. Cancer invades the surrounding normal tissue.
• For the lymphatic system. Cancer invades the lymph system and travels through the lymphatic vessels to other places in the body.
• By blood. Cancer invades the veins and capillaries and travels through the blood to other places in the body ...

What causes retinoblastoma?

In children with genetic, ie the hereditary form of retinoblastoma, we know that there is something wrong with a small piece of genetic material on chromosome 13, called the gene RB1. Chromosomes contain the genetic codes that control how cells grow and develop, and when part of chromosome is missing or one of the genetic code is modified in some way, which is known as a mutation, cancer can be develop ...

Diagnosis

Over 75% of children with retinoblastoma are first noted to have a "white pupil" (as doctors call leukocoria), or misaligned eyes (which doctors call strabismus) or a red eye and painful (usually due to glaucoma). other eye diseases that can cause these symptoms include congenital cataract, Toxocara canis, Coat's disease and persistent hypertrophic primary vitreous (PHPV) ...

Treatments

treatment of retinoblastoma generally requires the cooperation of an ophthalmic oncologist, pediatric oncologist and radiation therapist. Over the past 30 years, treatment has evolved from a simple enucleation (removal of the eye), radiation from the eyes of savings, and more recently chemotherapy based multi-modality therapy (for certain cases) ...

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